What is Klinefelter syndrome?

What is Klinefelter syndrome?

A typical male has a total of 46 chromosomes (packages of DNA) – one copy of an X chromosome and one copy of the Y chromosome (46, XY). A typical girl has two copies of the X chromosome (46, XX). There are a number of different conditions where an individual may have more or less than the expected X or Y chromosomes. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a genetic condition where there’s an extra X chromosome present in a male’s genetic code. Instead of having a total of 46 chromosomes, they have 47 — with two copies of the X chromosome and one copy of the Y chromosome (47,XXY). There are some forms (called mosaic) where only some (not all) of the person’s cells have this change (other cells can either have the typical 46 XY, or can have another abnormality).

Klinefelter syndrome is a congenital condition, which means it’s present from the time of birth. There are certain tests that can be done during the mother’s pregnancy that can diagnose it before birth, however more often it’s diagnosed later in life. If not found before birth, it can sometimes be diagnosed because the baby has a smaller penis than expected, or later in the teenage years if puberty doesn’t start or progress as expected. Many males may not be diagnosed at all, or only when experiencing fertility challenges later in life (if they’re having a difficult time getting pregnant with their partner).

In most cases, the differences in their puberty and/or fertility are because the testicles have early “failure” and cannot make enough testosterone and/or sperm. This results in these individuals needing testosterone replacement and testing for fertility.

People with Klinefelter syndrome are also more likely to develop certain conditions that are part what is known as metabolic syndrome. These conditions include:

• Hypertension (high blood pressure).
• Type 2 diabetes.
• High cholesterol and fats called triglycerides in the blood.

Males with Klinefelter syndrome are also more likely to develop:

• Gynecomastia (breast growth in a male).
• Breast cancer.
• Tremors.
• Osteoporosis (weakened bones).
• Autoimmune diseases (including type 1 diabetes, thyroid disease, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis).
• Seizure disorders.
• Learning differences (especially language skills).

This condition can be managed by treating the symptoms — often including hormone replacement, physical therapy and behavioral therapy.

विज्ञान दिन

२८ फेब्रुवारी 

*राष्ट्रीय विज्ञान दिवस*

२८ फेब्रुवारी १९२८ रोजी सर सी.व्ही.रामन यांनी Raman Efect चा शोध लावल्याबद्दल हा दिवस राष्ट्रीय विज्ञान दिवस घोषित केला गेला. याचे मुख्य उद्दिष्ट म्हणजे प्रत्येक भारतीयामध्ये वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोण रुजला जावा हे होय.

बहुधा सगळयाच सुजाण नागरिकांना, भारत या राष्ट्राचे नागरिक म्हणून त्यांचे हक्क माहीत असतात; पण फारसं कुणालाच हे माहीत नसतं, की वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोन बाळगणं, हे भारतीय संविधानाच्या, विभाग 4 अ, कलम 51 अ प्रमाणे, प्रत्येक भारतीय नागरिकाचं कर्तव्य आहे. एवढंच नव्हे तर 1987 पासूनच्या नव्या मूल्याधिष्ठित शिक्षणपद्धतीतील ते एक महत्त्वाचं मूल्य आहे.

 वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोनाचा अंतर्भाव राज्यघटनेत कर्तव्य म्हणून आणि शिक्षणपद्धतीत मूल्य म्हणून का केला गेला, याचा विचार आपण वैज्ञानिक प्रगतीच्या संदर्भात केला पाहिजे. पाश्चात्त्य राष्ट्रांमध्ये विज्ञानाची प्रगती आणि सामाजिक सुधारणा, बऱ्याच प्रमाणात जोडीनेच झाल्या. आपल्याकडे आधी विज्ञानाची फक्त सृष्टी आली; पण विज्ञानाची दृष्टी येण्यासाठी आवश्यक संधी, आणि योग्य प्रकारचं शिक्षण, यापासून सर्वसामान्य माणूस वंचितच राहिला. आपण 'विज्ञानयुग' आहे असं म्हणतो, कारण गेल्या दीडशे-पावणेदोनशे वर्षात, विज्ञानाची प्रगती फार प्रचंड वेगानं झाली. त्यातही गेल्या काही दशकात, इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्सच्या आणि नंतर कॉम्प्युटरच्या क्षेत्रातील प्रगतीमुळे तर, ही वाढ घातांकाच्या श्रेणीने होत आहे. आज अवकाशात झेप घेऊन, सागरात सूर मारून माणूस शब्दश: त्रिलोकसंचारी झाला आहे. मूलभूत गरजांच्या पूर्ततेपासून चैनीच्या वस्तूंच्या सहज उपलब्धतेपर्यंत, सगळयाच गोष्टी, विज्ञानामुळेच साध्य आणि शक्य झाल्या आहेत. व्यक्तिगत परिचर्येपासून सामाजिक स्थैर्यापर्यंत, सर्वच क्षेत्रांत विज्ञानाची प्रगती, तिचं सहज विस्मरण होण्याइतकी झाली; पण या सगळया प्रगतीबरोबर जी मानसिकता यायला हवी, ती येत नाही. विज्ञानाची प्रगती कुतूहल, चौकसपणा या गुणांच्या आधारावर सृष्टीची कोडी उलगडण्याच्या प्रयत्नातून झाली; पण ही चिकित्सेची, सत्य शोधण्याची जाणीव काही रुजलेली दिसत नाही. का, कसं हे कुतूहल नाही, म्हणजेच वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोन नाही. मुख्य म्हणजे हा अभाव सगळीकडेच जाणवतो. तरुणांपासून वृद्धांपर्यंत, घरापासून व्यवसायापर्यंत सगळीकडेच! निरक्षरता किंवा अपुरं शिक्षण, हे त्याचं कारण नाही, कारण जिथे आपण शिक्षण घेतो, त्या शाळा, कॉलेजांमध्येही, ही चिकित्सेची जाणीव करूनच दिली जात नाही. माहितीचा साठा आजच्या स्पर्धेच्या युगात हवा हे खरंच; पण कार्यकारणभाव शोधण्याची सवय होणं, तितकंच गरजेचं आहे. विज्ञान म्हणजे, केवळ जीवशास्त्र, भौतिकशास्त्र, रसायनशास्त्र, एवढंच नाही, तर समाजशास्त्रंही त्यातच येतात, कारण तिथेही कार्यकारणभाव आणि चिकित्सा लागतेच. म्हणूनच विज्ञान हे आपलं आहे, लोकांचं आहे, लोकांनी लोकांसाठी निर्माण केलेलं आहे. खऱ्या अर्थानं लौकिक आहे, 

11Sci biology Unit test

 Model Answer paper of unit test

 Q. No. 01 Select and Write the correct an answer.

i) In mitochondria DNA Is.......(a)Naked 

ii) Which of the following is incorrect in case of birds?

(b) Presence of teeth 

iii) A characteristic of Angiosperm is......

(c) Double fertilization

iv) In Bryophytes.....

 (d) Sporophyte is partially dependent upon gametophyte

v) Cell wall is present in........

(a) plant cell 

vi) .......... is not a property of living being.

(b) Decay

vii) Plasma membrane is fluid structure due to presence of.............

(c) Lipid.

Q. No. 02. Answer the following in ONE sentence (Very Short Answer).

i) ls nucleus covered by membrane?

Ans- Yes, nucleus covered by membrane.

 ii) Plants have no circulatory system! Then how cells manage intercellular transport?     

Ans _Cells manage intercellular transport through vascular tissues, i. e. Complex tissues.

ill) Normal human cell consist of how many number of Chromosomes?

 Ans_ 46 no. of Chromosomes are present in the normal  human cell.

v) What are Biomolecules? 

Ans_ The cells have protoplasm containing numerous chemical molecules are called as biomolecules.

 vi) Give the scientific name of Sunflower. 

Ans_ Helianthus annus.

vil) Give any one example of Phaeophycean.

Ans_Sargassum/ Laminaria/Ectocarpus

Petalonia / Porphyra / Fucus.

iv) What is Cell Cycle?

Ans_ Sequential events occuring in the life of a cell is called Cell cycle. Model Answer paper of unit test

 Q. No. 01 Select and Write the correct an answer.

i) In mitochondria DNA Is.......(a)Naked 

ii) Which of the following is incorrect in case of birds?

(b) Presence of teeth 

iii) A characteristic of Angiosperm is......

(c) Double fertilization

iv) In Bryophytes.....

 (d) Sporophyte is partially dependent upon gametophyte

v) Cell wall is present in........

(a) plant cell 

vi) .......... is not a property of living being.

(b) Decay

vii) Plasma membrane is fluid structure due to presence of.............

(c) Lipid.

Q. No. 02. Answer the following in ONE sentence (Very Short Answer).

i) ls nucleus covered by membrane?

Ans- Yes, nucleus covered by membrane.

 ii) Plants have no circulatory system! Then how cells manage intercellular transport?     

Ans _Cells manage intercellular transport through vascular tissues, i. e. Complex tissues.

ill) Normal human cell consist of how many number of Chromosomes?

 Ans_ 46 no. of Chromosomes are present in the normal  human cell.

v) What are Biomolecules? 

Ans_ The cells have protoplasm containing numerous chemical molecules are called as biomolecules.

 vi) Give the scientific name of Sunflower. 

Ans_ Helianthus annus.

vil) Give any one example of Phaeophycean.

Ans_Sargassum/ Laminaria/Ectocarpus

Petalonia / Porphyra / Fucus.

iv) What is Cell Cycle?

Ans_ Sequential events occuring in the life of a cell is called Cell cycle.

12Science Biology

Smt.P.A.Sodha Sar. Marathi Highschool & A.M.Vhora Jr.College,Navapur Dist. Nandurbar
Class- 12 th Science.
Unit Test Exam.
Subject: Biology                             Marks-25

Section A

Q- 1
Multiple Choice Questions :           (7)
1. The three cells found in a pollen grain when it is shed at 3-celled stage are a) 1 vegetative cell, 1 generative cell, 1 male gamete
b) 1 vegetative cell, 2 male gametes
c) 1 generative cell, 2 male gametes
d) either (a) or (b).
2. The female gametophyte of a typical dicot at the time of fertilisation is a) 8 – celled b) 7 – celled c) 6 – celled d) 5 – celled
3. Growth of pollen tube towards embryo sac is
a) chemotropic b) thigmotaxis c) geotropic d) none of these
4. During the process of fertilization the pollen tube of the pollen grain usually enters embryo sac through
a) micropyle b) nucellus c) chalaza d) integument
5. Fusion of one of the male gametes with egg nucleus is referred to as
a) generative fertilization 

b) syngamy       

 c) vegetative fertilization 

 d) both (a) and (b)
Answer in one sentence.
1. What is Genotype?
2. What is cryptorchidism ?
              Section B
Attempt any Four of the following .(8-Marks)
Q.3 Explain the functions of calyx and corolla .
Q.4 What are the reasons for Mendel’s success ?
Q.5 Write a note on IVF.
Q.6 Explain chromosomal theory of inheritance.
Q.7 Why law of dominance is not universal ?
Q.8 What is colostrum ?

                 Section C
Attempt any Two of the following(6)
Q.9 Describe the phases of menstrual cycle .
Q.10 What is cris-cross inheritance ?
Q.11 What is Hydrophily ? Give any one example .
                  Section D
Attempt any One of the following (4Marks)
Q.12 Describe the process of double fertilization.
Q.13 Describe female reproductive system of human. Sent from my iPhone

Model question paper for 11Sci Biology

Smt. P.A.Sodha Sarvajanik Marathi High School & Haji Ahmedji Musaji Vhora Junior College, Navapur Tal. Navapur Dist. Nandurbar

                          First Semester Exam

  Marks : 50                                                                                            Time: 02.30 Hrs.

 Std.: XI (Science)         Subject: Biology                                           Date:   18  /01/ 2022       

                                                  

General Instructions:

 01. All Sections are compulsory.

 02. Write each section on separate page.

03. Figures to right indicate full marks.

 

                                     SECTION : A                                                          7.

Q. No. 01  Select and Write the correct an answer

    i ) In mitochondria DNA is........... 

         (a) Naked     (b) Double stranded      (c) Circular      (d) All of the above

  ii) Which of the following is incorrect in case of birds?

     (a) Presence of scales      (b) Presence of teeth     (c) Nucleated RBCs      (d) Hollow bones.

 iii) A characteristic of Angiosperm is.....

      (a) Double vascular bundles      (b) Radial vascular bundles

      (c) Double fertilization               (d) Seed formation 

 iv) In Bryophytes....................

    (a) Sporophyte and gametophyte generation are independent.

    (b) Gametophyte is dependent upon Sporophyte.

   (c) Diplontic life cycle.     (d) Sporophyte is partially dependent upon gametophyte 

 v) Cell wall is present in …………….

    (a) plant cell    (b) animal cell    (c) algal call    (d) prokaryotic cell 

vi) ………………….. is not a property of living being .

      (a) Metabolism      (b) Decay      (c) Growth      (d) Reproduction 

vii) Plasma membrane is fluid structure due to presence of............  

      (a) Carbohydrates      (b) Glycoprotéines      (c) Lipide      (d) Polysaccharide

 

Q. No. 02.  Answer the following in ONE sentence (Very Short Answer).          7.

     i) Is nucleus covered by membrane? 

     ii) Plants have no circulatory system! Then how cells manage intercellular transport?      

    iii) Normal human cell consist of how many number of Chromosomes?

    iv) What is  Cell Cycle ?            v) What are Biomolecules ?

   vi) Give the scientific name of Sunflower.      vii) Give any one example of Phaeophycean.

        

                         SECTION B                                                                                              16.

Attempt any EIGHT of the following

Q.No.3. Complete the following.

      (a) Plant like Protista..........................             (b) Endo parasite..................................

Q.No.4.Draw a Well labelled diagram of Eukaryotic cell.

Q.No.5.Explain the rules of Binomial Nomenclature classification.

Q.No.6. What are proteins ? Enlist the types .

Q.No.7. What are Cryptograms ?

Q.No.8. What is the importance of carbohydrates ?

Q.No.9. Explain any two animal body plan with suitable example.

Q.No.10. Give Different features of Bryophyta, why they are called Amphibians?

Q.No.11.What is totipotency? Which cells have great medical applications for diseases.              

Q.No.12.  Differentiate between Mitosis and Meiosis.

Q.No.13. What is RNA? Enlist the types of RNA. 

 

                                  SECTION : C                                                                                     12. 

Attempt any FOUR of the following

Q.No.14. Describe the structure of cell organelle , mitochondria which is supposing the

                 powerhouse of cell with suitable diagram.

Q.No.15. Write a short note on Viruses.

Q.No.16. What is cell theory? Discuss the postulates of modern cell theory..

Q.No.17. Why  Lichens are considered as a indicators of pollution?

Q.No.18.  Differentiate between plant cell and animal cell.

Q.No.19. If double stranded DNA has 14 % C (cytosine)What percent A (adenine),T(thymine)            

                  and G(guanine)  would you expect?

 

                                       SECTION : D                                                                                  

Attempt any TWO of the following   8.

Q.No.20.  How monocots are differ from dicots?

Q.No.21.  Describe ultra structure of nucleus with suitable diagram.

Q.No.22.  Write salient features of five kingdoms system of classification.

Q.No.23.  Which are the basic principles of life?

12Sci Biology Chapter 11. Enhancement of Food Production.

Lac culture 
Laccifer lacca
*लाखेचा किडा*

पांडवांचे जळालेले लाक्षागृह पुराणात प्रसिद्ध होते. तीच लाख  महत्त्वाच्या टपालावरही आपण पाहतो. ही लाख नक्की काय असते? लाखेचा किडा हा भारत आणि थायलंडमधील निरनिराळ्या  ४०० प्रकारच्या  जंगली वृक्षांवर आढळतो.  पळस, कुसुम आणि बोराच्या झाडांवर यांचे वास्तव्य अधिक असते. लॅसीफर लॅक्का (Laccifer lacca) किंवा केरींया लॅक्का (Kerria lacca) या कीटकाची मादी लाखेची, तसेच मेणाची निर्मिती करते, हाच तो भारतीय लाखेचा किडा!  यांच्या  जीवनचक्रात पहिली अवस्था ‘क्रॉलर्स’ किंवा  अळीची असते. या  अळ्या यजमान झाडाच्या फांद्याच्या अंत:परिकाष्ठ  (phloem)  भागात शिरून पोषण मिळवतात. या शिरकावाच्या वेळी पडणाऱ्या छिद्रांना बुजवण्यासाठी त्यांच्या शरीर उत्सर्जनातून लाख निर्माण होते.

लाख-कीटकाची मादी, वृक्षाच्या खोडांवर, फांद्या-फांद्यांवर पसरत जाणाऱ्या बोगदेवजा नळ्या तयार करते. या नळ्यांना ‘ककूनर’ किंवा कोशही म्हटले जाते  एक किलो लाख तयार करण्यासाठी ५० हजार ते लाखभर कीटकांची गरज असते. लक्षावधी कीटक एकत्र येऊन लाख तयार होते. यावरून ‘लाख’ हा केवळ भारतीय गणनेत वापरला जाणारा शब्द तयार झाला असावा, असे भाषातज्ज्ञांचे मत आहे.

या वृक्षांची साल आणि त्यावरचे लाखेचे किडे खरवडून काढले जातात. नंतर त्यांना मोठ्या  कॅनव्हासच्या नळ्यांमध्ये ठेवून आगीत गरम केले जाते. यामुळे लाख वितळते आणि कॅनव्हासमधून बाहेर पडते, कॅनव्हासच्या नळ्यात किडे आणि झाडाच्या सालीचे तुकडे अडकून राहतात. हा जाडसर द्रव नंतर पसरट भांड्यात टाकून वाळवला जातो. त्यापासून लाखेचे पसरट थर बनवतात आणि त्यापासून जशी आवश्यकता असते तसे त्याला स्वरूप देतात. याच लाखेची पूड  ईथाइल अल्कोहोलमध्ये विरघळवून द्रवरूप लाख देखील बनवता येते. रंग, चकाकी देणारे वार्निश, प्रायमर, विद्युत उपकरणात, सरकारी दस्ताऐवजात बंधक अशा अनेक ठिकाणी लाखेचा वापर केला जातो. १९५०च्या अगोदर ग्रामोफोन रेकॉर्ड लाखेच्या असत. नंतर मात्र त्या विनाईलपासून बनवल्या जाऊ लागल्या. एकोणिसाव्या शतकात तेल आणि मेणाची जागा लाख घेऊ लागली.

लाख हे नैसर्गिक पॉलीमर असून त्यात हायड्रॉक्सी मेदाम्ले ‘(अ‍ॅल्युरिटिक’ आणि ‘सेसक्वीटरपेनिक आम्ल’) असतात.  लाखेच्या व्यवसायात आजही भारत आघाडीवर आहे. जगभरातील अर्धी लाख आपल्या देशामध्येच तयार होते.

12Sci Biology

Smt. P.A.Sodha Sarvajanik Marathi High School & Haji Ahmedji Musaji Vhora Junior College, Navapur Tal. Navapur Dist. Nandurbar

Prelim Examination 

 

Std. XII - Sub. Biology                Time: 3 & 1/2 Hrs.                   Max. Marks : 70

                                         

                            General Instructions :

 

    1. All questions are compulsory.

    2. Section A contains Q.no.1 to 10 of Multiple-Choice type Questions (MCQ),

        each carrying one mark each. Q.No.1 to 8 Very Short Answer (VSA) type

        questions carrying one mark each.

    3. Section B contains Q.no.3 to 14 of Short Answer type Questions carrying

         two marks each.

    4. Section C contains Q.no.15 to 26 of Short Answer type Questions carrying

        three marks each.

    5. Section D contains Q.no.27 to 31 of Long Answer type Questions carrying

        five marks each.

                                            Section-A

 

         Q.1  Write the most appropriate answer from the given multiple options.   (10)        

 

              i. Match the column-I & column-II                                    (1)

 

                      Column-I                                 Column-II

 

                      P) Cold                                 i) Rhino Virus

                      Q) Pneumonia                     ii) HIV

                      R) AIDS                               iii) Salmonella typhi

                      S) Typhoid                           iv) Haemophilus influenzae

    

                  a. P-i, Q-iv, R-v, S-ii          b. P-i, Q-iv, R-ii, S-v

                  c. P-i, Q-iv, R-ii, S-iii         d. P-i, Q-iii, R-ii, S-iv    

 

            ii. Chipko Movement is related to...........                             (1)

  

                  a. Water conservation        b. Forest conservation          

                  c. Soil conservation            d. Conservation of endangered species

 

          iii.  Webbed neck is characteristic of...........                        (1)

 

                a. XXY sex chromosomes          b. XY sex chromosomes

                c. XYY sex chromosomes          d. XO sex chromosomes

      

 

        iv. Genome is  .............                                                       (1)

 

                a. all the chromosomes present in the diploid cell.

                b. total chromosome number of any cell.

                c. total number of genes present in cell or virus.

                d. total number of genes present on a chromosome.

 

         v. In ecosystem, the rate of production of organic matter during  

             photosynthesis is termed as  .........                                   (1)

 

                a. Net primary productivity      b. Gross primary productivity

                c. Secondary productivity       d. Net productivity

 

        vi. One molecule of NADH, gives how many ATPs in ETS.   (1)

 

              a. 2ATP           b. 3 ATP            c. 4 ATP          d. 6 ATP

 

       vii. Pathway of Calvin cycle was discovered by using an isotope of ......  (1)

  

        a.          b.        c.       d. 

 

     viii. VAM represents.........                                                          (1)

 

            a. Saprophytic fungi          b. Symbiotic fungi 

            c. Saprophytic bacteria     d. Symbioticbacteria

 

      ix. The enzymes that cut specifically recognition sites in the DNA is known as                           

                                                                                                 ……. ....                (1)

 

a.    DNA ligase                           b. DNA Polymerase  

         c. Reverse transcriptase           d. Restriction endonuclease

 

     x.  Identify heterozygous condition.                                               (1)

             a. IT        b. Tt         c. It         d. TTT

 

 

Q.2 Answer the following questions in one sentence each :      (7)

 

       i. Name the hormone that controls secondary sexual character in human male.

      ii. What is the formula of Natality?

     iii. Write any two viral diseases of Poultry birds ?

     iv. Identify genotype of Turner's syndrome from following.

           a )  44+XO   b)  44+ XXY

      v. What is Leaching?

     vi. What will be the ratio of pure tall to pure dwarf in F, if a pure tall plant is              

           crossed  with dwarf.

    vii. Why chlorophyll 'a' is called reaction centre ?

    viii. Define the term Allel with suitable example.

                           

 

                             Section-B                   

 

Q.3 Answer the following questions in short. (Any Eight)            (16)

 

     3. What is Cardiac output ? How it is calculated?                         (2)

     4. Identify the given figure and give its function.                           (2)

     5. What is inbreeding depression ? How it is overcome?             (2)

     6. Give name of malarial parasite ? Which host it require to complete its life

          cycle.                                                                                        (2)

     7. Write the difference between human X & Y chromosome.        (2)

     8. What is connecting link ? Write the name of fossil that connects reptile and

          birds.                                                                                         (2)

    9. Which fossil is called as Ape with man brain? Give any two characters.   (2)

   10. Write schematic representation of Carbon cycle.

   11. Describe interdependence of light and dark reaction of photosynthesis.  (2)

   12. Illustrate any two antibiotics with their microbial sources.            (2)

   13. Draw a neat, well labelled diagram oft RNA.                                (2)

   14. Define the term Cistron and Muton.                                             (2)

 

                              Section-C

 

Q.4  Answer the following questions. (Any Eight)       (24)

 

  15. With neat labelled diagram, describe the structure of human sperm.  (3)

  16. What is DNA profiling? Give its significance.                                       (3)

  17. Draw a neat labelled diagram of T.S. of microsporangium.                 (3)

  18. Explain mechanism of anaerobic respiration.                                      (3)

  19. Define the terms - i) Callus  ii)  Explants  iii) Clone                              (3)

  20. Sketch and label three steps of PCR technique.                                 (3)

  21. Draw neat labelled diagram of excretory system of man.                    (3)

  22. Give the one role of the following hormone.

         STH, LTH, ACTH.                                                                               (3)

  23. Describe the process of fertilization in human.                                    (3)

  24. With neat labelled diagram describe ultra structure of Mitochondria.  (3)

  25. Give schematic representation of Calvin cycle.                                 (3)

  26. Give significance of respiration                                                          (3)

 

                                Section-D

 

Q.5  Answer the following questions. (Any Three).    (12)

 

       27. Describe replication of DNA in eukaryotic cell.            (4)

       28. Describe the structure of an anatropous ovule with a labelled diagram  (4)

       29. With neat labelled diagram, describe internal structure of Spinal cord    (4)

       30. Describe internal structure of human heart.                          (4)

       31. State law of Dominance. Explain it with reference to the inheritance of

             height of  the garden plant.                                                   (4)  

Smt. P.A.Sodha Sarvajanik Marathi High School & Haji Ahmedji Musaji Vhora Junior College, Navapur Tal. Navapur Dist. Nandurbar

Prelim Examination 2021-22

 

Std. XII - Sub. Biology Time: 3 & 1/2 Hrs. Max. Marks : 70

                                         

                            General Instructions :

 

    1. All questions are compulsory.

    2. Section A contains Q.no.1 to 10 of Multiple-Choice type Questions (MCQ),

        each carrying one mark each. Q.No.1 to 8 Very Short Answer (VSA) type

        questions carrying one mark each.

    3. Section B contains Q.no.3 to 14 of Short Answer type Questions carrying

         two marks each.

    4. Section C contains Q.no.15 to 26 of Short Answer type Questions carrying

        three marks each.

    5. Section D contains Q.no.27 to 31 of Long Answer type Questions carrying

        five marks each.

                                            Section-A

 

         Q.1 Write the most appropriate answer from the given multiple options. (10)        

 

              i. Match the column-I & column-II (1)

 

                      Column-I Column-II

 

                      P) Cold i) Rhino Virus

                      Q) Pneumonia ii) HIV

                      R) AIDS iii) Salmonella typhi

                      S) Typhoid iv) Haemophilus influenzae

    

                  a. P-i, Q-iv, R-v, S-ii b. P-i, Q-iv, R-ii, S-v

                  c. P-i, Q-iv, R-ii, S-iii d. P-i, Q-iii, R-ii, S-iv    

 

            ii. Chipko Movement is related to........... (1)

  

                  a. Water conservation b. Forest conservation          

                  c. Soil conservation d. Conservation of endangered species

 

          iii. Webbed neck is characteristic of........... (1)

 

                a. XXY sex chromosomes b. XY sex chromosomes

                c. XYY sex chromosomes d. XO sex chromosomes

      

 

        iv. Genome is ............. (1)

 

                a. all the chromosomes present in the diploid cell.

                b. total chromosome number of any cell.

                c. total number of genes present in cell or virus.

                d. total number of genes present on a chromosome.

 

         v. In ecosystem, the rate of production of organic matter during  

             photosynthesis is termed as ......... (1)

 

                a. Net primary productivity b. Gross primary productivity

                c. Secondary productivity d. Net productivity

 

        vi. One molecule of NADH, gives how many ATPs in ETS. (1)

 

              a. 2ATP b. 3 ATP c. 4 ATP d. 6 ATP

 

       vii. Pathway of Calvin cycle was discovered by using an isotope of ...... (1)

  

        a. b. c. d. 

 

     viii. VAM represents......... (1)

 

            a. Saprophytic fungi b. Symbiotic fungi 

            c. Saprophytic bacteria d. Symbioticbacteria

 

      ix. The enzymes that cut specifically recognition sites in the DNA is known as                           

                                                                                                 ……. .... (1)

 

a. DNA ligase b. DNA Polymerase  

         c. Reverse transcriptase d. Restriction endonuclease

 

     x. Identify heterozygous condition. (1)

             a. IT b. Tt c. It d. TTT

 

 

Q.2 Answer the following questions in one sentence each : (7)

 

       i. Name the hormone that controls secondary sexual character in human male.

      ii. What is the formula of Natality?

     iii. Write any two viral diseases of Poultry birds ?

     iv. Identify genotype of Turner's syndrome from following.

           a ) 44+XO b) 44+ XXY

      v. What is Leaching?

     vi. What will be the ratio of pure tall to pure dwarf in F, if a pure tall plant is              

           crossed with dwarf.

    vii. Why chlorophyll 'a' is called reaction centre ?

    viii. Define the term Allel with suitable example.

                           

 

                             Section-B                   

 

Q.3 Answer the following questions in short. (Any Eight) (16)

 

     3. What is Cardiac output ? How it is calculated? (2)

     4. Identify the given figure and give its function. (2)

     5. What is inbreeding depression ? How it is overcome? (2)

     6. Give name of malarial parasite ? Which host it require to complete its life

          cycle. (2)

     7. Write the difference between human X & Y chromosome. (2)

     8. What is connecting link ? Write the name of fossil that connects reptile and

          birds. (2)

    9. Which fossil is called as Ape with man brain? Give any two characters. (2)

   10. Write schematic representation of Carbon cycle.

   11. Describe interdependence of light and dark reaction of photosynthesis. (2)

   12. Illustrate any two antibiotics with their microbial sources. (2)

   13. Draw a neat, well labelled diagram oft RNA. (2)

   14. Define the term Cistron and Muton. (2)

 

                              Section-C

 

Q.4 Answer the following questions. (Any Eight) (24)

 

  15. With neat labelled diagram, describe the structure of human sperm. (3)

  16. What is DNA profiling? Give its significance. (3)

  17. Draw a neat labelled diagram of T.S. of microsporangium. (3)

  18. Explain mechanism of anaerobic respiration. (3)

  19. Define the terms - i) Callus ii) Explants iii) Clone (3)

  20. Sketch and label three steps of PCR technique. (3)

  21. Draw neat labelled diagram of excretory system of man. (3)

  22. Give the one role of the following hormone.

         STH, LTH, ACTH. (3)

  23. Describe the process of fertilization in human. (3)

  24. With neat labelled diagram describe ultra structure of Mitochondria. (3)

  25. Give schematic representation of Calvin cycle. (3)

  26. Give significance of respiration (3)

 

                                Section-D

 

Q.5 Answer the following questions. (Any Three). (12)

 

       27. Describe replication of DNA in eukaryotic cell. (4)

       28. Describe the structure of an anatropous ovule with a labelled diagram (4)

       29. With neat labelled diagram, describe internal structure of Spinal cord (4)

       30. Describe internal structure of human heart. (4)

       31. State law of Dominance. Explain it with reference to the inheritance of

             height of the garden plant. (4)