Project Report on Heart / Heart Beat

Project Report on Heart / Heart Beat

This project report is entitled "Heart" and all information about Heart, Heart Beat, Internal and External Structure of Heart, Working, Efficiency, Heart Beat, Heart Sound. 

Heart :

Heart is soft, spongy, hollow, muscular organ and wall is made up of cardiac muscles. It is about the size of 1st fist (12 x 9 cm) and about 300 grams in weight. It is conical in shape and upper surface of heart is broad and lower surface of the heart is narrow. 

It is present in thoracic cavity between the lungs in the cardiac notch. It is radish brown in colour. 

Protective Coverings :

Heart is surrounded by two protective coverings called pericardium. Inner pericardium is called visceral pericardium & outer pericardium is called partial pericardium. Between the two pericardium is a space called pericardial cavity. This cavity is filled of fluid called pericardial fluid. This fluid is filled secreted by pericardium itself. This fluid moistened the heart and allows free and frictionless movement of heart.

External Structure of Heart :

Heart is divided into two halves by a septum. Each half have two communicating chamber called Auricles and ventricles. Thus heart is four chambered. 

Auricles :

These are the upper part of the heart and Auricles are separated by externally from ventricles by a groove called coronary sulcus.

Ventricles :

Ventricles forms lower part of the heart and separated from each other by inter ventricles septum. 

Internal Structure of Heart

Auricles :

Auricles have thin valves because they have to pump the blood to ventricles which are nearest to them. Inner surface of Auricles is smooth or having low elevation. It opens into ventricles and internally two auricles are separated by inter-ventricular septum. 

Ventricles :

Ventricle's wall is thick which is more in left ventricles because the right ventricles has to pump the blood to lungs and left ventricles pump the blood to the farthest and of the body with pressure. Therefore they have thick walls. The inner surface of ventricles have low muscular ridges called 'Papillary' columnal carnae and high muscular ridges elevation called papillary muscles. Two ventricles are separated by Inter-ventricular septum.

Great Blood Vessels, Aperture and Valves :

The blood vessels which enter or leave the heart is called great blood vessels. The right auricles receives two main vein called superior and inferior. Vena cava which collects from head region and lower portion of the body respectively. There opening inside the right auricle is guarded by valve called valve of Vena-Cava. A vein called coronary vein receives blood from the valve of heart itself. 

Right auricles opens into right ventricles. Its opening have an aperture called Right A-V aperture. This aperture is guarded by a valve called Tricuspid valve. It has three membranous flaps. Its membrane in auricles is attached and in ventricles is free and attached to the papillary muscles by means of cohordae tendinae. 

From the right ventricles a pulmonary arteries arises which takes the blood to the lungs. At the base of the artery, the three pocket shaped valves called semi lunar valves are present. These checks the back return of blood. 

Left auricles receives four pulmonary veins which brings pure blood from the lungs. The left auricles opens into left ventricles by an aperture called auricular-ventricular aperture. This aperture is guarded by a value called Bicuspid valve. It is attached to left auricles and in ventricles it is free and attached to the papillary muscles by chordae tendinae. 

From the upper left corner of the left ventricles arises the main arteries called Aortic Arch which supplies pure blood to all the parts of body. The base of Aortic arch has three pocket shaped valves called semi lunar valves which checks back return of blood. 

Working of Heart :

Heart is a double pump and undergoes regular contraction and relaxation. The contraction of heart is called systole and the relaxation of heart is called Diastole. The heart shows three events. The three events i.e. Auricular systole. Ventricular systole and joint diastole forms a cycle called cardiac cycle. 

Joint Diastole :

In this stage both auricles and ventricles are in relaxed stage. The volume of the heart is more and blood is less. The blood flows from great veins in to their respective auricles. Some blood also passes into Ventricles as the A-V aperture remains open. 

Auricular Systole :

Now the auricles contracts and contraction of auricles is called auricular systole. Due to this pressure of the blood in the auricles rises and blood moves from auricles to ventricles & does not move back into great blood vessels as their opening get closed. Also the contraction of heart starts from its upper end to the lower end, therefore pushes the blood into ventricles. 

Ventricular Systole :

Now ventricles contracts and due to contraction of ventricles area of ventricles decreases. Pressure of blood rises in the ventricles above that of auricles due to of A-V aperture get closed. 

This closing of A-V aperture due to contraction of ventricles produces a sound is called lubb-lubb. 

The semi lunar valves are still closed and this further increases the pressure. This pushes the semi lunar valves backward and causes their opening. The blood moves into their respective blood vessels & this decreases the pressure of blood in the ventricles. 

Now the ventricles undergoes relaxation i.e. diastole condition thus increases their volume. Due to this semi lunar valves get relaxation closed. The closing of semi lunar valves due to relaxation of ventricles produces a sound called Dupp-Dupp. These sounds ran be heard by placing syhecoscope on the left side of the heart. 

Nourishment of Heart :

The heart is supplied by an artery called coronary Artery which supplies pure blood to the wall of heart. As the heart works throughout life (It does more work) it requires more energy and material oxygen. The heart wall gives a vein called coronary veins which removes waste products from the wall of the heart in the right auricles. 

Efficiency of Heart :

Heart keeps on beating throughout the life but it does not fatigued. The heart first contracts and then relaxes. After relaxation it undergoes a period of rest before contraction. It rests doubled the time it works. Therefore heart does not fatigues. 

Heart Beat :

It is the spontaneous contraction and relaxation of heart to pump out & receive blood to and from the body is called heart beat. 

Types of heart beat : - It is of two types 

Neurogenic : It under the control of nervous system. It is regulated by an nerve impulse originated from nerve ganglion situated near the heart. It is in Arthropods. 

Myogenic : It is under the control of patch of muscles fibers present in the wall of heart itself. If a heart of frog removed and it kept in Saline solution. It keeps on beating for sometime as it is under the control of muscles of heart itself. 

Mechanism of Heart Beat :

Heart Beat results from a wave of depolarization called cardiac impulses that originate from the tract called Nodal tissue. It consists of Sinu-auricular Node (S-A) node. Inter auricular node, Bundle of his (AV) bundle branches and purkinje fibers. 

S-A Node : It is present in the right upper side of right auricles. A waves of contractions eminates from it. It moves along the wall of auricles & not on the wall of ventricles as the muscles of auricles are not continuous with the muscles of ventricles. 

Inter Auricular Node : It is present in the left lower side of Inter auricular septum. The waves of S-A node stimulates the Inter auricular node which produces waves of contraction that passes along the inter ventricular septum through bundle of his bundle branches and purkinje fibres over the wall of ventricles & causes its contraction. 

Heart-Beat : The heart beat 72 times per minute. Heart beat is small organism is faster than larger organism. Smaller organism have more metabolic activities & require move energy and oxygen. The heart beat in elephant is 25 times and in cat it 200 per minute. 

Heart Output : The heart beats 72 times per minutes & in one minute it pumps 70 ml. of blood and hence the total amount of blood pumped by heart in one minute is 72 x 70 = 5040 ml. 

Heart Sound : Due to closing of A-V aperture by the contraction of ventricles a sound called lubb-lubb is produced. 

Due to closing of semi lunar valves by the relaxation of ventricles a sound like dupp-dupp is produced. hubb-hubb has low pitch, slow sound and a longer duration. Dupp-Dupp has high pitch, louder sound and of short duration. 

If heart does not work properly it will produce sound like mur-mur. This sound is produced due to ineffective working of heart by infection.

What is Klinefelter syndrome?

What is Klinefelter syndrome?

A typical male has a total of 46 chromosomes (packages of DNA) – one copy of an X chromosome and one copy of the Y chromosome (46, XY). A typical girl has two copies of the X chromosome (46, XX). There are a number of different conditions where an individual may have more or less than the expected X or Y chromosomes. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a genetic condition where there’s an extra X chromosome present in a male’s genetic code. Instead of having a total of 46 chromosomes, they have 47 — with two copies of the X chromosome and one copy of the Y chromosome (47,XXY). There are some forms (called mosaic) where only some (not all) of the person’s cells have this change (other cells can either have the typical 46 XY, or can have another abnormality).

Klinefelter syndrome is a congenital condition, which means it’s present from the time of birth. There are certain tests that can be done during the mother’s pregnancy that can diagnose it before birth, however more often it’s diagnosed later in life. If not found before birth, it can sometimes be diagnosed because the baby has a smaller penis than expected, or later in the teenage years if puberty doesn’t start or progress as expected. Many males may not be diagnosed at all, or only when experiencing fertility challenges later in life (if they’re having a difficult time getting pregnant with their partner).

In most cases, the differences in their puberty and/or fertility are because the testicles have early “failure” and cannot make enough testosterone and/or sperm. This results in these individuals needing testosterone replacement and testing for fertility.

People with Klinefelter syndrome are also more likely to develop certain conditions that are part what is known as metabolic syndrome. These conditions include:

• Hypertension (high blood pressure).
• Type 2 diabetes.
• High cholesterol and fats called triglycerides in the blood.

Males with Klinefelter syndrome are also more likely to develop:

• Gynecomastia (breast growth in a male).
• Breast cancer.
• Tremors.
• Osteoporosis (weakened bones).
• Autoimmune diseases (including type 1 diabetes, thyroid disease, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis).
• Seizure disorders.
• Learning differences (especially language skills).

This condition can be managed by treating the symptoms — often including hormone replacement, physical therapy and behavioral therapy.

विज्ञान दिन

२८ फेब्रुवारी 

*राष्ट्रीय विज्ञान दिवस*

२८ फेब्रुवारी १९२८ रोजी सर सी.व्ही.रामन यांनी Raman Efect चा शोध लावल्याबद्दल हा दिवस राष्ट्रीय विज्ञान दिवस घोषित केला गेला. याचे मुख्य उद्दिष्ट म्हणजे प्रत्येक भारतीयामध्ये वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोण रुजला जावा हे होय.

बहुधा सगळयाच सुजाण नागरिकांना, भारत या राष्ट्राचे नागरिक म्हणून त्यांचे हक्क माहीत असतात; पण फारसं कुणालाच हे माहीत नसतं, की वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोन बाळगणं, हे भारतीय संविधानाच्या, विभाग 4 अ, कलम 51 अ प्रमाणे, प्रत्येक भारतीय नागरिकाचं कर्तव्य आहे. एवढंच नव्हे तर 1987 पासूनच्या नव्या मूल्याधिष्ठित शिक्षणपद्धतीतील ते एक महत्त्वाचं मूल्य आहे.

 वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोनाचा अंतर्भाव राज्यघटनेत कर्तव्य म्हणून आणि शिक्षणपद्धतीत मूल्य म्हणून का केला गेला, याचा विचार आपण वैज्ञानिक प्रगतीच्या संदर्भात केला पाहिजे. पाश्चात्त्य राष्ट्रांमध्ये विज्ञानाची प्रगती आणि सामाजिक सुधारणा, बऱ्याच प्रमाणात जोडीनेच झाल्या. आपल्याकडे आधी विज्ञानाची फक्त सृष्टी आली; पण विज्ञानाची दृष्टी येण्यासाठी आवश्यक संधी, आणि योग्य प्रकारचं शिक्षण, यापासून सर्वसामान्य माणूस वंचितच राहिला. आपण 'विज्ञानयुग' आहे असं म्हणतो, कारण गेल्या दीडशे-पावणेदोनशे वर्षात, विज्ञानाची प्रगती फार प्रचंड वेगानं झाली. त्यातही गेल्या काही दशकात, इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्सच्या आणि नंतर कॉम्प्युटरच्या क्षेत्रातील प्रगतीमुळे तर, ही वाढ घातांकाच्या श्रेणीने होत आहे. आज अवकाशात झेप घेऊन, सागरात सूर मारून माणूस शब्दश: त्रिलोकसंचारी झाला आहे. मूलभूत गरजांच्या पूर्ततेपासून चैनीच्या वस्तूंच्या सहज उपलब्धतेपर्यंत, सगळयाच गोष्टी, विज्ञानामुळेच साध्य आणि शक्य झाल्या आहेत. व्यक्तिगत परिचर्येपासून सामाजिक स्थैर्यापर्यंत, सर्वच क्षेत्रांत विज्ञानाची प्रगती, तिचं सहज विस्मरण होण्याइतकी झाली; पण या सगळया प्रगतीबरोबर जी मानसिकता यायला हवी, ती येत नाही. विज्ञानाची प्रगती कुतूहल, चौकसपणा या गुणांच्या आधारावर सृष्टीची कोडी उलगडण्याच्या प्रयत्नातून झाली; पण ही चिकित्सेची, सत्य शोधण्याची जाणीव काही रुजलेली दिसत नाही. का, कसं हे कुतूहल नाही, म्हणजेच वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोन नाही. मुख्य म्हणजे हा अभाव सगळीकडेच जाणवतो. तरुणांपासून वृद्धांपर्यंत, घरापासून व्यवसायापर्यंत सगळीकडेच! निरक्षरता किंवा अपुरं शिक्षण, हे त्याचं कारण नाही, कारण जिथे आपण शिक्षण घेतो, त्या शाळा, कॉलेजांमध्येही, ही चिकित्सेची जाणीव करूनच दिली जात नाही. माहितीचा साठा आजच्या स्पर्धेच्या युगात हवा हे खरंच; पण कार्यकारणभाव शोधण्याची सवय होणं, तितकंच गरजेचं आहे. विज्ञान म्हणजे, केवळ जीवशास्त्र, भौतिकशास्त्र, रसायनशास्त्र, एवढंच नाही, तर समाजशास्त्रंही त्यातच येतात, कारण तिथेही कार्यकारणभाव आणि चिकित्सा लागतेच. म्हणूनच विज्ञान हे आपलं आहे, लोकांचं आहे, लोकांनी लोकांसाठी निर्माण केलेलं आहे. खऱ्या अर्थानं लौकिक आहे, 

11Sci biology Unit test

 Model Answer paper of unit test

 Q. No. 01 Select and Write the correct an answer.

i) In mitochondria DNA Is.......(a)Naked 

ii) Which of the following is incorrect in case of birds?

(b) Presence of teeth 

iii) A characteristic of Angiosperm is......

(c) Double fertilization

iv) In Bryophytes.....

 (d) Sporophyte is partially dependent upon gametophyte

v) Cell wall is present in........

(a) plant cell 

vi) .......... is not a property of living being.

(b) Decay

vii) Plasma membrane is fluid structure due to presence of.............

(c) Lipid.

Q. No. 02. Answer the following in ONE sentence (Very Short Answer).

i) ls nucleus covered by membrane?

Ans- Yes, nucleus covered by membrane.

 ii) Plants have no circulatory system! Then how cells manage intercellular transport?     

Ans _Cells manage intercellular transport through vascular tissues, i. e. Complex tissues.

ill) Normal human cell consist of how many number of Chromosomes?

 Ans_ 46 no. of Chromosomes are present in the normal  human cell.

v) What are Biomolecules? 

Ans_ The cells have protoplasm containing numerous chemical molecules are called as biomolecules.

 vi) Give the scientific name of Sunflower. 

Ans_ Helianthus annus.

vil) Give any one example of Phaeophycean.

Ans_Sargassum/ Laminaria/Ectocarpus

Petalonia / Porphyra / Fucus.

iv) What is Cell Cycle?

Ans_ Sequential events occuring in the life of a cell is called Cell cycle. Model Answer paper of unit test

 Q. No. 01 Select and Write the correct an answer.

i) In mitochondria DNA Is.......(a)Naked 

ii) Which of the following is incorrect in case of birds?

(b) Presence of teeth 

iii) A characteristic of Angiosperm is......

(c) Double fertilization

iv) In Bryophytes.....

 (d) Sporophyte is partially dependent upon gametophyte

v) Cell wall is present in........

(a) plant cell 

vi) .......... is not a property of living being.

(b) Decay

vii) Plasma membrane is fluid structure due to presence of.............

(c) Lipid.

Q. No. 02. Answer the following in ONE sentence (Very Short Answer).

i) ls nucleus covered by membrane?

Ans- Yes, nucleus covered by membrane.

 ii) Plants have no circulatory system! Then how cells manage intercellular transport?     

Ans _Cells manage intercellular transport through vascular tissues, i. e. Complex tissues.

ill) Normal human cell consist of how many number of Chromosomes?

 Ans_ 46 no. of Chromosomes are present in the normal  human cell.

v) What are Biomolecules? 

Ans_ The cells have protoplasm containing numerous chemical molecules are called as biomolecules.

 vi) Give the scientific name of Sunflower. 

Ans_ Helianthus annus.

vil) Give any one example of Phaeophycean.

Ans_Sargassum/ Laminaria/Ectocarpus

Petalonia / Porphyra / Fucus.

iv) What is Cell Cycle?

Ans_ Sequential events occuring in the life of a cell is called Cell cycle.

12Science Biology

Smt.P.A.Sodha Sar. Marathi Highschool & A.M.Vhora Jr.College,Navapur Dist. Nandurbar
Class- 12 th Science.
Unit Test Exam.
Subject: Biology                             Marks-25

Section A

Q- 1
Multiple Choice Questions :           (7)
1. The three cells found in a pollen grain when it is shed at 3-celled stage are a) 1 vegetative cell, 1 generative cell, 1 male gamete
b) 1 vegetative cell, 2 male gametes
c) 1 generative cell, 2 male gametes
d) either (a) or (b).
2. The female gametophyte of a typical dicot at the time of fertilisation is a) 8 – celled b) 7 – celled c) 6 – celled d) 5 – celled
3. Growth of pollen tube towards embryo sac is
a) chemotropic b) thigmotaxis c) geotropic d) none of these
4. During the process of fertilization the pollen tube of the pollen grain usually enters embryo sac through
a) micropyle b) nucellus c) chalaza d) integument
5. Fusion of one of the male gametes with egg nucleus is referred to as
a) generative fertilization 

b) syngamy       

 c) vegetative fertilization 

 d) both (a) and (b)
Answer in one sentence.
1. What is Genotype?
2. What is cryptorchidism ?
              Section B
Attempt any Four of the following .(8-Marks)
Q.3 Explain the functions of calyx and corolla .
Q.4 What are the reasons for Mendel’s success ?
Q.5 Write a note on IVF.
Q.6 Explain chromosomal theory of inheritance.
Q.7 Why law of dominance is not universal ?
Q.8 What is colostrum ?

                 Section C
Attempt any Two of the following(6)
Q.9 Describe the phases of menstrual cycle .
Q.10 What is cris-cross inheritance ?
Q.11 What is Hydrophily ? Give any one example .
                  Section D
Attempt any One of the following (4Marks)
Q.12 Describe the process of double fertilization.
Q.13 Describe female reproductive system of human. Sent from my iPhone

Model question paper for 11Sci Biology

Smt. P.A.Sodha Sarvajanik Marathi High School & Haji Ahmedji Musaji Vhora Junior College, Navapur Tal. Navapur Dist. Nandurbar

                          First Semester Exam

  Marks : 50                                                                                            Time: 02.30 Hrs.

 Std.: XI (Science)         Subject: Biology                                           Date:   18  /01/ 2022       

                                                  

General Instructions:

 01. All Sections are compulsory.

 02. Write each section on separate page.

03. Figures to right indicate full marks.

 

                                     SECTION : A                                                          7.

Q. No. 01  Select and Write the correct an answer

    i ) In mitochondria DNA is........... 

         (a) Naked     (b) Double stranded      (c) Circular      (d) All of the above

  ii) Which of the following is incorrect in case of birds?

     (a) Presence of scales      (b) Presence of teeth     (c) Nucleated RBCs      (d) Hollow bones.

 iii) A characteristic of Angiosperm is.....

      (a) Double vascular bundles      (b) Radial vascular bundles

      (c) Double fertilization               (d) Seed formation 

 iv) In Bryophytes....................

    (a) Sporophyte and gametophyte generation are independent.

    (b) Gametophyte is dependent upon Sporophyte.

   (c) Diplontic life cycle.     (d) Sporophyte is partially dependent upon gametophyte 

 v) Cell wall is present in …………….

    (a) plant cell    (b) animal cell    (c) algal call    (d) prokaryotic cell 

vi) ………………….. is not a property of living being .

      (a) Metabolism      (b) Decay      (c) Growth      (d) Reproduction 

vii) Plasma membrane is fluid structure due to presence of............  

      (a) Carbohydrates      (b) Glycoprotéines      (c) Lipide      (d) Polysaccharide

 

Q. No. 02.  Answer the following in ONE sentence (Very Short Answer).          7.

     i) Is nucleus covered by membrane? 

     ii) Plants have no circulatory system! Then how cells manage intercellular transport?      

    iii) Normal human cell consist of how many number of Chromosomes?

    iv) What is  Cell Cycle ?            v) What are Biomolecules ?

   vi) Give the scientific name of Sunflower.      vii) Give any one example of Phaeophycean.

        

                         SECTION B                                                                                              16.

Attempt any EIGHT of the following

Q.No.3. Complete the following.

      (a) Plant like Protista..........................             (b) Endo parasite..................................

Q.No.4.Draw a Well labelled diagram of Eukaryotic cell.

Q.No.5.Explain the rules of Binomial Nomenclature classification.

Q.No.6. What are proteins ? Enlist the types .

Q.No.7. What are Cryptograms ?

Q.No.8. What is the importance of carbohydrates ?

Q.No.9. Explain any two animal body plan with suitable example.

Q.No.10. Give Different features of Bryophyta, why they are called Amphibians?

Q.No.11.What is totipotency? Which cells have great medical applications for diseases.              

Q.No.12.  Differentiate between Mitosis and Meiosis.

Q.No.13. What is RNA? Enlist the types of RNA. 

 

                                  SECTION : C                                                                                     12. 

Attempt any FOUR of the following

Q.No.14. Describe the structure of cell organelle , mitochondria which is supposing the

                 powerhouse of cell with suitable diagram.

Q.No.15. Write a short note on Viruses.

Q.No.16. What is cell theory? Discuss the postulates of modern cell theory..

Q.No.17. Why  Lichens are considered as a indicators of pollution?

Q.No.18.  Differentiate between plant cell and animal cell.

Q.No.19. If double stranded DNA has 14 % C (cytosine)What percent A (adenine),T(thymine)            

                  and G(guanine)  would you expect?

 

                                       SECTION : D                                                                                  

Attempt any TWO of the following   8.

Q.No.20.  How monocots are differ from dicots?

Q.No.21.  Describe ultra structure of nucleus with suitable diagram.

Q.No.22.  Write salient features of five kingdoms system of classification.

Q.No.23.  Which are the basic principles of life?

12Sci Biology Chapter 11. Enhancement of Food Production.

Lac culture 
Laccifer lacca
*लाखेचा किडा*

पांडवांचे जळालेले लाक्षागृह पुराणात प्रसिद्ध होते. तीच लाख  महत्त्वाच्या टपालावरही आपण पाहतो. ही लाख नक्की काय असते? लाखेचा किडा हा भारत आणि थायलंडमधील निरनिराळ्या  ४०० प्रकारच्या  जंगली वृक्षांवर आढळतो.  पळस, कुसुम आणि बोराच्या झाडांवर यांचे वास्तव्य अधिक असते. लॅसीफर लॅक्का (Laccifer lacca) किंवा केरींया लॅक्का (Kerria lacca) या कीटकाची मादी लाखेची, तसेच मेणाची निर्मिती करते, हाच तो भारतीय लाखेचा किडा!  यांच्या  जीवनचक्रात पहिली अवस्था ‘क्रॉलर्स’ किंवा  अळीची असते. या  अळ्या यजमान झाडाच्या फांद्याच्या अंत:परिकाष्ठ  (phloem)  भागात शिरून पोषण मिळवतात. या शिरकावाच्या वेळी पडणाऱ्या छिद्रांना बुजवण्यासाठी त्यांच्या शरीर उत्सर्जनातून लाख निर्माण होते.

लाख-कीटकाची मादी, वृक्षाच्या खोडांवर, फांद्या-फांद्यांवर पसरत जाणाऱ्या बोगदेवजा नळ्या तयार करते. या नळ्यांना ‘ककूनर’ किंवा कोशही म्हटले जाते  एक किलो लाख तयार करण्यासाठी ५० हजार ते लाखभर कीटकांची गरज असते. लक्षावधी कीटक एकत्र येऊन लाख तयार होते. यावरून ‘लाख’ हा केवळ भारतीय गणनेत वापरला जाणारा शब्द तयार झाला असावा, असे भाषातज्ज्ञांचे मत आहे.

या वृक्षांची साल आणि त्यावरचे लाखेचे किडे खरवडून काढले जातात. नंतर त्यांना मोठ्या  कॅनव्हासच्या नळ्यांमध्ये ठेवून आगीत गरम केले जाते. यामुळे लाख वितळते आणि कॅनव्हासमधून बाहेर पडते, कॅनव्हासच्या नळ्यात किडे आणि झाडाच्या सालीचे तुकडे अडकून राहतात. हा जाडसर द्रव नंतर पसरट भांड्यात टाकून वाळवला जातो. त्यापासून लाखेचे पसरट थर बनवतात आणि त्यापासून जशी आवश्यकता असते तसे त्याला स्वरूप देतात. याच लाखेची पूड  ईथाइल अल्कोहोलमध्ये विरघळवून द्रवरूप लाख देखील बनवता येते. रंग, चकाकी देणारे वार्निश, प्रायमर, विद्युत उपकरणात, सरकारी दस्ताऐवजात बंधक अशा अनेक ठिकाणी लाखेचा वापर केला जातो. १९५०च्या अगोदर ग्रामोफोन रेकॉर्ड लाखेच्या असत. नंतर मात्र त्या विनाईलपासून बनवल्या जाऊ लागल्या. एकोणिसाव्या शतकात तेल आणि मेणाची जागा लाख घेऊ लागली.

लाख हे नैसर्गिक पॉलीमर असून त्यात हायड्रॉक्सी मेदाम्ले ‘(अ‍ॅल्युरिटिक’ आणि ‘सेसक्वीटरपेनिक आम्ल’) असतात.  लाखेच्या व्यवसायात आजही भारत आघाडीवर आहे. जगभरातील अर्धी लाख आपल्या देशामध्येच तयार होते.