12Science Biology

Smt.P.A.Sodha Sar. Marathi Highschool & A.M.Vhora Jr.College,Navapur Dist. Nandurbar
Class- 12 th Science.
Unit Test Exam.
Subject: Biology                             Marks-25

Section A

Q- 1
Multiple Choice Questions :           (7)
1. The three cells found in a pollen grain when it is shed at 3-celled stage are a) 1 vegetative cell, 1 generative cell, 1 male gamete
b) 1 vegetative cell, 2 male gametes
c) 1 generative cell, 2 male gametes
d) either (a) or (b).
2. The female gametophyte of a typical dicot at the time of fertilisation is a) 8 – celled b) 7 – celled c) 6 – celled d) 5 – celled
3. Growth of pollen tube towards embryo sac is
a) chemotropic b) thigmotaxis c) geotropic d) none of these
4. During the process of fertilization the pollen tube of the pollen grain usually enters embryo sac through
a) micropyle b) nucellus c) chalaza d) integument
5. Fusion of one of the male gametes with egg nucleus is referred to as
a) generative fertilization 

b) syngamy       

 c) vegetative fertilization 

 d) both (a) and (b)
Answer in one sentence.
1. What is Genotype?
2. What is cryptorchidism ?
              Section B
Attempt any Four of the following .(8-Marks)
Q.3 Explain the functions of calyx and corolla .
Q.4 What are the reasons for Mendel’s success ?
Q.5 Write a note on IVF.
Q.6 Explain chromosomal theory of inheritance.
Q.7 Why law of dominance is not universal ?
Q.8 What is colostrum ?

                 Section C
Attempt any Two of the following(6)
Q.9 Describe the phases of menstrual cycle .
Q.10 What is cris-cross inheritance ?
Q.11 What is Hydrophily ? Give any one example .
                  Section D
Attempt any One of the following (4Marks)
Q.12 Describe the process of double fertilization.
Q.13 Describe female reproductive system of human. Sent from my iPhone

Model question paper for 11Sci Biology

Smt. P.A.Sodha Sarvajanik Marathi High School & Haji Ahmedji Musaji Vhora Junior College, Navapur Tal. Navapur Dist. Nandurbar

                          First Semester Exam

  Marks : 50                                                                                            Time: 02.30 Hrs.

 Std.: XI (Science)         Subject: Biology                                           Date:   18  /01/ 2022       

                                                  

General Instructions:

 01. All Sections are compulsory.

 02. Write each section on separate page.

03. Figures to right indicate full marks.

 

                                     SECTION : A                                                          7.

Q. No. 01  Select and Write the correct an answer

    i ) In mitochondria DNA is........... 

         (a) Naked     (b) Double stranded      (c) Circular      (d) All of the above

  ii) Which of the following is incorrect in case of birds?

     (a) Presence of scales      (b) Presence of teeth     (c) Nucleated RBCs      (d) Hollow bones.

 iii) A characteristic of Angiosperm is.....

      (a) Double vascular bundles      (b) Radial vascular bundles

      (c) Double fertilization               (d) Seed formation 

 iv) In Bryophytes....................

    (a) Sporophyte and gametophyte generation are independent.

    (b) Gametophyte is dependent upon Sporophyte.

   (c) Diplontic life cycle.     (d) Sporophyte is partially dependent upon gametophyte 

 v) Cell wall is present in …………….

    (a) plant cell    (b) animal cell    (c) algal call    (d) prokaryotic cell 

vi) ………………….. is not a property of living being .

      (a) Metabolism      (b) Decay      (c) Growth      (d) Reproduction 

vii) Plasma membrane is fluid structure due to presence of............  

      (a) Carbohydrates      (b) Glycoprotéines      (c) Lipide      (d) Polysaccharide

 

Q. No. 02.  Answer the following in ONE sentence (Very Short Answer).          7.

     i) Is nucleus covered by membrane? 

     ii) Plants have no circulatory system! Then how cells manage intercellular transport?      

    iii) Normal human cell consist of how many number of Chromosomes?

    iv) What is  Cell Cycle ?            v) What are Biomolecules ?

   vi) Give the scientific name of Sunflower.      vii) Give any one example of Phaeophycean.

        

                         SECTION B                                                                                              16.

Attempt any EIGHT of the following

Q.No.3. Complete the following.

      (a) Plant like Protista..........................             (b) Endo parasite..................................

Q.No.4.Draw a Well labelled diagram of Eukaryotic cell.

Q.No.5.Explain the rules of Binomial Nomenclature classification.

Q.No.6. What are proteins ? Enlist the types .

Q.No.7. What are Cryptograms ?

Q.No.8. What is the importance of carbohydrates ?

Q.No.9. Explain any two animal body plan with suitable example.

Q.No.10. Give Different features of Bryophyta, why they are called Amphibians?

Q.No.11.What is totipotency? Which cells have great medical applications for diseases.              

Q.No.12.  Differentiate between Mitosis and Meiosis.

Q.No.13. What is RNA? Enlist the types of RNA. 

 

                                  SECTION : C                                                                                     12. 

Attempt any FOUR of the following

Q.No.14. Describe the structure of cell organelle , mitochondria which is supposing the

                 powerhouse of cell with suitable diagram.

Q.No.15. Write a short note on Viruses.

Q.No.16. What is cell theory? Discuss the postulates of modern cell theory..

Q.No.17. Why  Lichens are considered as a indicators of pollution?

Q.No.18.  Differentiate between plant cell and animal cell.

Q.No.19. If double stranded DNA has 14 % C (cytosine)What percent A (adenine),T(thymine)            

                  and G(guanine)  would you expect?

 

                                       SECTION : D                                                                                  

Attempt any TWO of the following   8.

Q.No.20.  How monocots are differ from dicots?

Q.No.21.  Describe ultra structure of nucleus with suitable diagram.

Q.No.22.  Write salient features of five kingdoms system of classification.

Q.No.23.  Which are the basic principles of life?

12Sci Biology Chapter 11. Enhancement of Food Production.

Lac culture 
Laccifer lacca
*लाखेचा किडा*

पांडवांचे जळालेले लाक्षागृह पुराणात प्रसिद्ध होते. तीच लाख  महत्त्वाच्या टपालावरही आपण पाहतो. ही लाख नक्की काय असते? लाखेचा किडा हा भारत आणि थायलंडमधील निरनिराळ्या  ४०० प्रकारच्या  जंगली वृक्षांवर आढळतो.  पळस, कुसुम आणि बोराच्या झाडांवर यांचे वास्तव्य अधिक असते. लॅसीफर लॅक्का (Laccifer lacca) किंवा केरींया लॅक्का (Kerria lacca) या कीटकाची मादी लाखेची, तसेच मेणाची निर्मिती करते, हाच तो भारतीय लाखेचा किडा!  यांच्या  जीवनचक्रात पहिली अवस्था ‘क्रॉलर्स’ किंवा  अळीची असते. या  अळ्या यजमान झाडाच्या फांद्याच्या अंत:परिकाष्ठ  (phloem)  भागात शिरून पोषण मिळवतात. या शिरकावाच्या वेळी पडणाऱ्या छिद्रांना बुजवण्यासाठी त्यांच्या शरीर उत्सर्जनातून लाख निर्माण होते.

लाख-कीटकाची मादी, वृक्षाच्या खोडांवर, फांद्या-फांद्यांवर पसरत जाणाऱ्या बोगदेवजा नळ्या तयार करते. या नळ्यांना ‘ककूनर’ किंवा कोशही म्हटले जाते  एक किलो लाख तयार करण्यासाठी ५० हजार ते लाखभर कीटकांची गरज असते. लक्षावधी कीटक एकत्र येऊन लाख तयार होते. यावरून ‘लाख’ हा केवळ भारतीय गणनेत वापरला जाणारा शब्द तयार झाला असावा, असे भाषातज्ज्ञांचे मत आहे.

या वृक्षांची साल आणि त्यावरचे लाखेचे किडे खरवडून काढले जातात. नंतर त्यांना मोठ्या  कॅनव्हासच्या नळ्यांमध्ये ठेवून आगीत गरम केले जाते. यामुळे लाख वितळते आणि कॅनव्हासमधून बाहेर पडते, कॅनव्हासच्या नळ्यात किडे आणि झाडाच्या सालीचे तुकडे अडकून राहतात. हा जाडसर द्रव नंतर पसरट भांड्यात टाकून वाळवला जातो. त्यापासून लाखेचे पसरट थर बनवतात आणि त्यापासून जशी आवश्यकता असते तसे त्याला स्वरूप देतात. याच लाखेची पूड  ईथाइल अल्कोहोलमध्ये विरघळवून द्रवरूप लाख देखील बनवता येते. रंग, चकाकी देणारे वार्निश, प्रायमर, विद्युत उपकरणात, सरकारी दस्ताऐवजात बंधक अशा अनेक ठिकाणी लाखेचा वापर केला जातो. १९५०च्या अगोदर ग्रामोफोन रेकॉर्ड लाखेच्या असत. नंतर मात्र त्या विनाईलपासून बनवल्या जाऊ लागल्या. एकोणिसाव्या शतकात तेल आणि मेणाची जागा लाख घेऊ लागली.

लाख हे नैसर्गिक पॉलीमर असून त्यात हायड्रॉक्सी मेदाम्ले ‘(अ‍ॅल्युरिटिक’ आणि ‘सेसक्वीटरपेनिक आम्ल’) असतात.  लाखेच्या व्यवसायात आजही भारत आघाडीवर आहे. जगभरातील अर्धी लाख आपल्या देशामध्येच तयार होते.

12Sci Biology

Smt. P.A.Sodha Sarvajanik Marathi High School & Haji Ahmedji Musaji Vhora Junior College, Navapur Tal. Navapur Dist. Nandurbar

Prelim Examination 

 

Std. XII - Sub. Biology                Time: 3 & 1/2 Hrs.                   Max. Marks : 70

                                         

                            General Instructions :

 

    1. All questions are compulsory.

    2. Section A contains Q.no.1 to 10 of Multiple-Choice type Questions (MCQ),

        each carrying one mark each. Q.No.1 to 8 Very Short Answer (VSA) type

        questions carrying one mark each.

    3. Section B contains Q.no.3 to 14 of Short Answer type Questions carrying

         two marks each.

    4. Section C contains Q.no.15 to 26 of Short Answer type Questions carrying

        three marks each.

    5. Section D contains Q.no.27 to 31 of Long Answer type Questions carrying

        five marks each.

                                            Section-A

 

         Q.1  Write the most appropriate answer from the given multiple options.   (10)        

 

              i. Match the column-I & column-II                                    (1)

 

                      Column-I                                 Column-II

 

                      P) Cold                                 i) Rhino Virus

                      Q) Pneumonia                     ii) HIV

                      R) AIDS                               iii) Salmonella typhi

                      S) Typhoid                           iv) Haemophilus influenzae

    

                  a. P-i, Q-iv, R-v, S-ii          b. P-i, Q-iv, R-ii, S-v

                  c. P-i, Q-iv, R-ii, S-iii         d. P-i, Q-iii, R-ii, S-iv    

 

            ii. Chipko Movement is related to...........                             (1)

  

                  a. Water conservation        b. Forest conservation          

                  c. Soil conservation            d. Conservation of endangered species

 

          iii.  Webbed neck is characteristic of...........                        (1)

 

                a. XXY sex chromosomes          b. XY sex chromosomes

                c. XYY sex chromosomes          d. XO sex chromosomes

      

 

        iv. Genome is  .............                                                       (1)

 

                a. all the chromosomes present in the diploid cell.

                b. total chromosome number of any cell.

                c. total number of genes present in cell or virus.

                d. total number of genes present on a chromosome.

 

         v. In ecosystem, the rate of production of organic matter during  

             photosynthesis is termed as  .........                                   (1)

 

                a. Net primary productivity      b. Gross primary productivity

                c. Secondary productivity       d. Net productivity

 

        vi. One molecule of NADH, gives how many ATPs in ETS.   (1)

 

              a. 2ATP           b. 3 ATP            c. 4 ATP          d. 6 ATP

 

       vii. Pathway of Calvin cycle was discovered by using an isotope of ......  (1)

  

        a.          b.        c.       d. 

 

     viii. VAM represents.........                                                          (1)

 

            a. Saprophytic fungi          b. Symbiotic fungi 

            c. Saprophytic bacteria     d. Symbioticbacteria

 

      ix. The enzymes that cut specifically recognition sites in the DNA is known as                           

                                                                                                 ……. ....                (1)

 

a.    DNA ligase                           b. DNA Polymerase  

         c. Reverse transcriptase           d. Restriction endonuclease

 

     x.  Identify heterozygous condition.                                               (1)

             a. IT        b. Tt         c. It         d. TTT

 

 

Q.2 Answer the following questions in one sentence each :      (7)

 

       i. Name the hormone that controls secondary sexual character in human male.

      ii. What is the formula of Natality?

     iii. Write any two viral diseases of Poultry birds ?

     iv. Identify genotype of Turner's syndrome from following.

           a )  44+XO   b)  44+ XXY

      v. What is Leaching?

     vi. What will be the ratio of pure tall to pure dwarf in F, if a pure tall plant is              

           crossed  with dwarf.

    vii. Why chlorophyll 'a' is called reaction centre ?

    viii. Define the term Allel with suitable example.

                           

 

                             Section-B                   

 

Q.3 Answer the following questions in short. (Any Eight)            (16)

 

     3. What is Cardiac output ? How it is calculated?                         (2)

     4. Identify the given figure and give its function.                           (2)

     5. What is inbreeding depression ? How it is overcome?             (2)

     6. Give name of malarial parasite ? Which host it require to complete its life

          cycle.                                                                                        (2)

     7. Write the difference between human X & Y chromosome.        (2)

     8. What is connecting link ? Write the name of fossil that connects reptile and

          birds.                                                                                         (2)

    9. Which fossil is called as Ape with man brain? Give any two characters.   (2)

   10. Write schematic representation of Carbon cycle.

   11. Describe interdependence of light and dark reaction of photosynthesis.  (2)

   12. Illustrate any two antibiotics with their microbial sources.            (2)

   13. Draw a neat, well labelled diagram oft RNA.                                (2)

   14. Define the term Cistron and Muton.                                             (2)

 

                              Section-C

 

Q.4  Answer the following questions. (Any Eight)       (24)

 

  15. With neat labelled diagram, describe the structure of human sperm.  (3)

  16. What is DNA profiling? Give its significance.                                       (3)

  17. Draw a neat labelled diagram of T.S. of microsporangium.                 (3)

  18. Explain mechanism of anaerobic respiration.                                      (3)

  19. Define the terms - i) Callus  ii)  Explants  iii) Clone                              (3)

  20. Sketch and label three steps of PCR technique.                                 (3)

  21. Draw neat labelled diagram of excretory system of man.                    (3)

  22. Give the one role of the following hormone.

         STH, LTH, ACTH.                                                                               (3)

  23. Describe the process of fertilization in human.                                    (3)

  24. With neat labelled diagram describe ultra structure of Mitochondria.  (3)

  25. Give schematic representation of Calvin cycle.                                 (3)

  26. Give significance of respiration                                                          (3)

 

                                Section-D

 

Q.5  Answer the following questions. (Any Three).    (12)

 

       27. Describe replication of DNA in eukaryotic cell.            (4)

       28. Describe the structure of an anatropous ovule with a labelled diagram  (4)

       29. With neat labelled diagram, describe internal structure of Spinal cord    (4)

       30. Describe internal structure of human heart.                          (4)

       31. State law of Dominance. Explain it with reference to the inheritance of

             height of  the garden plant.                                                   (4)  

Smt. P.A.Sodha Sarvajanik Marathi High School & Haji Ahmedji Musaji Vhora Junior College, Navapur Tal. Navapur Dist. Nandurbar

Prelim Examination 2021-22

 

Std. XII - Sub. Biology Time: 3 & 1/2 Hrs. Max. Marks : 70

                                         

                            General Instructions :

 

    1. All questions are compulsory.

    2. Section A contains Q.no.1 to 10 of Multiple-Choice type Questions (MCQ),

        each carrying one mark each. Q.No.1 to 8 Very Short Answer (VSA) type

        questions carrying one mark each.

    3. Section B contains Q.no.3 to 14 of Short Answer type Questions carrying

         two marks each.

    4. Section C contains Q.no.15 to 26 of Short Answer type Questions carrying

        three marks each.

    5. Section D contains Q.no.27 to 31 of Long Answer type Questions carrying

        five marks each.

                                            Section-A

 

         Q.1 Write the most appropriate answer from the given multiple options. (10)        

 

              i. Match the column-I & column-II (1)

 

                      Column-I Column-II

 

                      P) Cold i) Rhino Virus

                      Q) Pneumonia ii) HIV

                      R) AIDS iii) Salmonella typhi

                      S) Typhoid iv) Haemophilus influenzae

    

                  a. P-i, Q-iv, R-v, S-ii b. P-i, Q-iv, R-ii, S-v

                  c. P-i, Q-iv, R-ii, S-iii d. P-i, Q-iii, R-ii, S-iv    

 

            ii. Chipko Movement is related to........... (1)

  

                  a. Water conservation b. Forest conservation          

                  c. Soil conservation d. Conservation of endangered species

 

          iii. Webbed neck is characteristic of........... (1)

 

                a. XXY sex chromosomes b. XY sex chromosomes

                c. XYY sex chromosomes d. XO sex chromosomes

      

 

        iv. Genome is ............. (1)

 

                a. all the chromosomes present in the diploid cell.

                b. total chromosome number of any cell.

                c. total number of genes present in cell or virus.

                d. total number of genes present on a chromosome.

 

         v. In ecosystem, the rate of production of organic matter during  

             photosynthesis is termed as ......... (1)

 

                a. Net primary productivity b. Gross primary productivity

                c. Secondary productivity d. Net productivity

 

        vi. One molecule of NADH, gives how many ATPs in ETS. (1)

 

              a. 2ATP b. 3 ATP c. 4 ATP d. 6 ATP

 

       vii. Pathway of Calvin cycle was discovered by using an isotope of ...... (1)

  

        a. b. c. d. 

 

     viii. VAM represents......... (1)

 

            a. Saprophytic fungi b. Symbiotic fungi 

            c. Saprophytic bacteria d. Symbioticbacteria

 

      ix. The enzymes that cut specifically recognition sites in the DNA is known as                           

                                                                                                 ……. .... (1)

 

a. DNA ligase b. DNA Polymerase  

         c. Reverse transcriptase d. Restriction endonuclease

 

     x. Identify heterozygous condition. (1)

             a. IT b. Tt c. It d. TTT

 

 

Q.2 Answer the following questions in one sentence each : (7)

 

       i. Name the hormone that controls secondary sexual character in human male.

      ii. What is the formula of Natality?

     iii. Write any two viral diseases of Poultry birds ?

     iv. Identify genotype of Turner's syndrome from following.

           a ) 44+XO b) 44+ XXY

      v. What is Leaching?

     vi. What will be the ratio of pure tall to pure dwarf in F, if a pure tall plant is              

           crossed with dwarf.

    vii. Why chlorophyll 'a' is called reaction centre ?

    viii. Define the term Allel with suitable example.

                           

 

                             Section-B                   

 

Q.3 Answer the following questions in short. (Any Eight) (16)

 

     3. What is Cardiac output ? How it is calculated? (2)

     4. Identify the given figure and give its function. (2)

     5. What is inbreeding depression ? How it is overcome? (2)

     6. Give name of malarial parasite ? Which host it require to complete its life

          cycle. (2)

     7. Write the difference between human X & Y chromosome. (2)

     8. What is connecting link ? Write the name of fossil that connects reptile and

          birds. (2)

    9. Which fossil is called as Ape with man brain? Give any two characters. (2)

   10. Write schematic representation of Carbon cycle.

   11. Describe interdependence of light and dark reaction of photosynthesis. (2)

   12. Illustrate any two antibiotics with their microbial sources. (2)

   13. Draw a neat, well labelled diagram oft RNA. (2)

   14. Define the term Cistron and Muton. (2)

 

                              Section-C

 

Q.4 Answer the following questions. (Any Eight) (24)

 

  15. With neat labelled diagram, describe the structure of human sperm. (3)

  16. What is DNA profiling? Give its significance. (3)

  17. Draw a neat labelled diagram of T.S. of microsporangium. (3)

  18. Explain mechanism of anaerobic respiration. (3)

  19. Define the terms - i) Callus ii) Explants iii) Clone (3)

  20. Sketch and label three steps of PCR technique. (3)

  21. Draw neat labelled diagram of excretory system of man. (3)

  22. Give the one role of the following hormone.

         STH, LTH, ACTH. (3)

  23. Describe the process of fertilization in human. (3)

  24. With neat labelled diagram describe ultra structure of Mitochondria. (3)

  25. Give schematic representation of Calvin cycle. (3)

  26. Give significance of respiration (3)

 

                                Section-D

 

Q.5 Answer the following questions. (Any Three). (12)

 

       27. Describe replication of DNA in eukaryotic cell. (4)

       28. Describe the structure of an anatropous ovule with a labelled diagram (4)

       29. With neat labelled diagram, describe internal structure of Spinal cord (4)

       30. Describe internal structure of human heart. (4)

       31. State law of Dominance. Explain it with reference to the inheritance of

             height of the garden plant. (4)  

12Sci Biology Model Question paper

Prelim Examination 

Time: 3& 1/2 Hrs.]

Std. XII Sub. Biology

[Marks : 70

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. Section A contains Q.no.1 to 10 of Multiple Choice type Questions (MCQ), carrying one mark

each. Q.No.1 to 8 Very Short Answer (VSA) type questions carrying one mark each. 3. Section B contains Q.no.3 to 14 of Short Answer type Questions carrying two marks each.

4. Section C contains Q.no.15 to 26 of Short Answer type Questions carrying three marks each.

5. Section D contains Q.no.27 to 31 of Long Answer type Questions carrying five marks each.

Section-A

Q.1 Write the most appropriate answer from the given multiple options.

(10)

i. Match the column-I & column-II

(1)

Column-I

Column-II

P) Cold

i) Rhino Virus

Q) Pneumonia

ii) HIV

R) AIDS

iii) Salmonella typhi

S) Typhoid

iv) Haemophilus influenzae

a) P-i, Q-iv, R-v, S-ii

b). P-i, Q-iv, R-ii, S-v

e) P-i, Q-iv, R-ii, S-iii

d) P-i, Q-iii, R-ii, S-iv

ii. Chipko Movement is related to...

a. Water conservation

(1)

b. Forest conservation

c. Soil conservation

d. Conservation of endangered species

iii. Webbed neck is characteristic of....

a XXY sex chromosomes

b. XY sex chromosomes

c. XYY sex chromosomes

d. XO sex chromosomes

iv. Genome is...

(1)

a. all the chromosomes present in the diploid cell.

b. total chromosome number of any cell.

c. total number of genes present in cell or virus.

d. total number of genes present on a chromosome.

v. In ecosystem, the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis is

(1)

termed as...

a Net primary productivity

b. Gross primary productivity

c. Secondary productivity

d. Net productivity

(1)

vi. One molecule of NADH, gives how many ATPs in ETS.

2ATP

b. 3 ATP c. 4 ATP

d. 6 ATP

vii. Pathway of Calvin cycle was discovered by using an isotope of...

b. "p

d. C

(1)

a

(1)

viii. VAM represents....

a.Saprophytic fungi

b. Symbiotic fungi

C.Saprophytic bacteria

d. Symbiotic bacteria

ix. The enzymes that cut specifically recognition sites in the DNA is known as ....                (1)

DNA ligase

b. DNA Polymerase

c. Reverse transcriptase

d. Restriction endonuclease

x.  Identify heterozygous condition.(1)

a. IT

b. Tt

c. It

d. TTT

Q.2 Answer the following questions in one sentence each :      (7)

i. Name the hormone that controls secondary sexual character in human male.

ii. What is the formula of Natality?

iii. Write any two viral diseases of Poultry birds ? iv. Identify genotype of Turner's syndrome from following.

a 44+XO

b. 44+ XXY

v. What is Leaching?

vi. What will be the ratio of pure tall to pure dwarf in F, if a pure tall plant is crossed with dwarf.

vii. Why chlorophyll 'a' is called reaction centre ?

viii. Define the term Allel with suitable example.

Section-B.                   

Q.3 Answer the following questions in short. (Any Eight).            (16)

3. What is Cardiac output ? How it is calculated?                         (2)

4. Identify the given figure and give its function.                             (2)

5. What is inbreeding depression ? How it is overcome?              (2)

6. Give name of malarial parasite ? Which host it require to complete its life cycle. 7. Write the difference between human X & Y chromosome.                            (2)

8. What is connecting link ? Write the name of fossil that connects reptile and birds.                       (2)

9. Which fossil is called as Ape with man brain? Give any two characters.                                 (2)

10. Write schematic representation of Carbon cycle. 11. Describe interdependence of light and dark reaction of photosynthesis.   (2)

12. Illustrate any two antibiotics with their microbial sources.(2)

13. Draw a neat, well labelled diagram oft RNA.              (2)

14. Define the term Cistron and Muton.                                  (2)

              Section-C

Q.4 Answer the following questions. (Any Eight).       (24)

15. With neat labelled diagram, describe the structure of human sperm. 16. What is DNA profiling? Give its significance.        (3)

17. Draw a neat labelled diagram of T.S. of microsporangium.         (3)

18. Explain mechanism of anaerobic respiration.         (3)

19. Define the terms-i) Callus ii) Explants iii) Clone.             (3)

20. Sketch and label three steps of PCR technique.                    (3)

21. Draw neat labelled diagram of excretory system of man.     (3)

22. Give the one role of the following hormone.

STH, LTH, ACTH.                       (3)

23. Describe the process of fertilization in human.         (3)

24. With neat labelled diagram describe ultra structure of Mitochondria.                    (3)

25. Give schematic representation of Calvin cycle.                    (3)

26. Give significance of respiration (3)

                     Section-D

Q.5 Answer the following questions. (Any Three).       (12)

27. Describe replication of DNA in eukaryotic cell.            (4)

28. Describe the structure of an anatropous ovule with a labelled diagram.                           (4)

29. With neat labelled diagram, describe internal structure of Spinal cord.                                      (4)

30. Describe internal structure of human heart.                         (4)

31. State law of Dominance. Explain it with reference to the inheritance of height of the garden plant.   (4)

हरित ग्राहक

             "हरित ग्राहक"

              पर्यावरणाबद्दल संवेदनशील व जागरूक असून ज्याला सामाजिक जबाबदारीचे ही भान आहे, तसेच स्वतःच्या जीवनशैलीत जाणीवपूर्वक बदल करून  नैसर्गिक साधनसंपत्तीचे रक्षण करणारा ग्राहक म्हणजेच हरित ग्राहक होय. फक्त ग्रीन प्रॉडक्ट घेणारा ग्राहक म्हणजे हरित ग्राहक आहे असे आजिबात नाही.
                आपल्या कोणत्याही वैयक्तिक किंवा सामूहिक कृतीमुळे नैसर्गिक अथवा सामाजिक पर्यावरणावर दुष्परिणाम होणार नाही याची खबरदारी घेणारी व्यक्ती म्हणजेच हरित ग्राहक होय. ज्यावेळी व्यक्तीसमोर दोन पर्याय उपलब्ध असतील त्यावेळी पर्यावरणाची कमीत कमी हानी करणारा पर्याय जो निवडतो तो हरित ग्राहक होय.  वातावरणातील सकारात्मक बदलांचा केवळ विचार करत नाही तर योग्य त्या दिशेने पाऊलही उचलतो तो हरित ग्राहक असून निसर्गातील इतर अन्य घटकांबद्दल त्याला जाणीवपूर्वक आधार असतो. तसेच निसर्गातील सजीव आणि मानव प्राणी यांचे परस्परावलंबित्व तो समजू शकतो. कोणत्याही वस्तूचा उपभोग घेतल्यानंतर तयार होणार्‍या कचरा कडे तो सोयिस्कररित्या दुर्लक्ष न करता आपली ती जबाबदारी समजून त्या कचऱ्याची योग्य ती विल्हेवाट लावतो.
             वस्तूच्या पर्यावरणावर व आरोग्यावर होणारे दुष्परिणाम बाबत ते जाणून असतात. पर्यावरणाचे रक्षण करणे व संवर्धन करणे ते वैयक्तिक जबाबदारी समजतात इतकेच नाही तर त्यांच्या जीवनशैलीचा अविभाज्य घटक बनलेला असतो. सेंद्रिय शेतीतून तयार झालेला भाजीपाला,धान्य,फळे यामध्ये रासायनिक खते व कीटकनाशकांचा वापर न केल्याने अशी उत्पादने आरोग्यासाठी चांगली असतात ही भावना त्याच्या मनामध्ये कायम ठेवून तो अंगिकारत असतो. हरित ग्राहक ही प्रवृत्ती असून त्याचा अवलंब करणे प्रत्येकाच्या हातात आहे. स्वतःपासून सुरुवात करून इतरांना त्याच मार्गाने जाण्यासाठी प्रवृत्त केले तर निश्चितच प्रत्येक व्यक्ती हरित ग्राहक होण्यास वेळ लागणार नाही.
   आपणही हरित ग्राहक होऊ शकतात.....
     समाजाची मानसिकता बदलणे अवघड काम आहे परंतु प्रत्येकाने आपल्यापासूनच सुरुवात केली तर या अवघड वाटणाऱ्या गोष्टी सहज शक्य होतील. म्हणून खालील काही सूचनांचे पालन आपण वैयक्तिक दृष्ट्या केल्यास त्याचा आपल्याला व समाजाला निश्चितच उपयोग  होईल यात तिळमात्र शंका नाही.
     १. खरेदीला जाताना कापडी पिशवी जरूर न्या ,कॅरीबॅग चा आग्रह करू नका तसेच कॅरीबॅगचा वापरही करू नका.
     २. खरेदी केलेल्या वस्तू वर "इको मार्क" किंवा "इको लेबलिंग" पाहायला विसरू नका.
      ३. प्लास्टिक पासून प्लास्टिक, कागदा पासून कागद बनवता येतो .म्हणून या वस्तू कचरापेटीत न टाकता भंगारवाल्याला किंवा रद्दीवाला द्या.
     ४. कागदाचा वापर काळजीपूर्वक करावा. कागदाच्या दोन्ही बाजूंवर लिहावे.
        ५. अनावश्यक खरेदी टाळा पुनर्वापर आणि पुनर्निर्मिती, पुनर्चक्रीकरण  या त्रिसूत्री वापर करा.
        ६.' युज अँड थ्रो' म्हणजेच डिस्पोजेबल वस्तूंचा वापर टाळा .कारण तो पैशांचा अपव्यय असून ते घनकचरा निर्मितीचे मोठे कारण आहे.
        ७. चहा, कॉफी, दूध काचेच्या किंवा धातूच्या पेल्यात घेण्याचा व देण्याचा निग्रह करा.
       ८. फास्टफूड ची वेस्टने व पॅकिंग पिशव्या, त्यांची आवरणे रस्त्यांवर टाकू नका.
       ९. विजेचा वापर काटकसरीने करा. गरज नसेल तेव्हा ट्यूब पंखे बंद करा.
       १०. सौरदिवे , सौरबंब, सूर्यचूल यासारखी सौर उर्जेवर चालणारी उपकरणे वापरा.
       ११. शक्य होईल तितका प्रवास सार्वजनिक वाहनांनी करा , शक्य असल्यास स्वयंचलित वाहनांचा वापर टाळून  पायी चालावे. कारण व्यायाम करणे उत्तम आरोग्यासाठी अत्यावश्यक आहे 
       १२. घरातील भाजीपाला व फळे यातील  नको असलेले घटक, पालापाचोळा , शिळे अन्नपदार्थ यासारख्या विघटनशील पदार्थ पासून कंपोस्ट खत बनवावे.
         १३. विघटन न होणाऱ्या पेपर बॅगचा वापर व प्रसार करावा.
         १४. दैनंदिन जीवनात पर्यावरण मूल्यांची जपणूक करावी व इतरांमध्ये त्याबाबत जागृती निर्माण करावी .
          १५. हौसेखातर गरज नसलेल्या वस्तूंची खरेदी टाळावी.
          १६. वस्तूंची उपयुक्तता व टिकाऊपणा पहावा फक्त  चैन व दिखाऊपणा नसावा.

    प्रा. श्रीमती मेघा अनिल पाटील.
        M.Sc  M Ed 
  श्रीमती पी ए सोढा सार्वजनिक मराठी हायस्कूल व कनिष्ठ महाविद्यालय नवापूर. 

Practical exam for 12ScI.Bio.

Write Each batch on separate paper.

Write each question on separate page.